Christopher Columbus The Discovery Of New Land - 1041 Words

Christopher Columbus was born in Genova, Italy, in 1451. At a young age, Columbus found himself interested on traveling, and how the Earth was constituted. He had made innumerable voyages. On August 3, 1492, Christopher Columbus set out on a journey from Puerto de Palos, in search of new lands. His crew was composed of three caravels (La Pinta, La Nià ±a, and La Santa Maria), and a crew of 120 men total. On October 12, 1492, thirty three days after he departed on his new journey, Columbus landed on an island. He named the island San Salvador. The island is located on the northeast coasts. That was the first time that Columbus had landed on the New World, the Americas. It has been widely accepted that Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas. There is undisputable evidence which proves that in fact, the Vikings had first sailed to the Americas. The Vikings were people from the north of Scandinavia, whose origins came from Norway, Finland, Denmark, and Sweden. They were known for being well experienced at sea travel and navigation. The era characterized for their high power and influence, was defined as the Viking Age. That era took place between the years 700s and 1100s. During the Viking Age, they had briefly settled in Italy, Russia, Spain, Britain, Ireland, Greenland, Iceland, and most importantly, North America. With help from archeological evidence, it had been proved that the Vikings were not as violent plunderers. In fact, it was quite theShow MoreRelatedThe Discovery Of The New World903 Words   |  4 PagesAfter the discovery of the New World in 1492 many issues and uproars took place. Particularly, Christopher Columbus viewed America as an opportunity for mankind to begin again. While Bartolomeo de las Cases considered the New World a place of abuse for the Native Americans and took the initiative to sav e the Native people. In general, the Europeans felt that the America had benefits and major setbacks of coming to the new lands. The following documents â€Å"The Meaning of America†, â€Å"Utilizing the NativeRead MoreThe Discovery Of The New World1178 Words   |  5 Pagesconsidered the land of opportunity because it gives opportunities to immigrants that their country cannot provide them with such as: economic stability and educational resources. America is also known today as the melting pot because so many cultures have mixed together in one country to enjoy the same free lifestyle! The important question that everyone should be asking is, who discovered this extraordinary country that everyone enjoys the luxuries of today? To answer that question, Christopher ColumbusRead MoreChristopher Columbus and His Legacy: Positive vs. Negative Essay1435 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica will have learned about the famous maritime explorer and navigator, Christopher Columbus. Born i n 1451, Columbus was a Genoese captain commissioned by the king and queen of Spain to find a route to the Indies. However, he sailed the opposite direction of his intended goal by crossing the Atlantic and landing in the Americas, resulting in the discovery of the New World for Spain. Like all major figures in history, Columbus has left behind a legacy that people will always remember him for. The natureRead MoreGetting to Know Christopher Columbus911 Words   |  4 PagesChristopher Columbus, as we now know he accomplished a lot during his life. Although many are disputed and questions have been raised as to why we celebrate Columbus Day. One could find the when, how and where of Christopher Columbus an interesting subject for discourse. After all, we are talking about the man who discovered the land we now call America. We will not even consider the people, the Native Americans who lived here first as discovering America. Maybe it should be taught just a tad differentlyRead MoreC hristopher Columbus And The Columbus1365 Words   |  6 PagesChristopher Columbus Most people think of Christopher Columbus as the person who discovered the Americas. However, Leif Ericson, a Viking, was the first European to see the Americas. â€Å"Christopher Columbus - born Cristoforo Colombo but was called in Spain Cristobal Colon†(Heat-Moon 4) was born to Domenico Colombo and Susanna Fontanarossa sometime between August 25 and October 31, 1451 in Italy near Genoa (Heat-Moon 4). â€Å"Christopher Columbus had four other siblings; Bartholomew Columbus, BianchinettaRead MoreEssay on Christpher Columbus, an Explorer1166 Words   |  5 PagesIn this essay I am going to talk about one of the most important men in history. He was so important that without him the world would not be what it is now and throughout history his discoveries have inspired others to become fierce adventurers of the sea. Columbus had one of the brightest ideas of the time, he had the idea that he could reach China by sailing west from Europe. This idea meant that there would be a w estward passage from Spain to west across the ocean to China in a cheap and easyRead MorePositive Impact Of Christopher Columbus Discoveries1249 Words   |  5 PagesPositive Impact of Christopher Columbus’ Discoveries The world is a better place because of Christopher Columbus’ important discoveries in the New World. His explorations resulted in the vast expansion of property for Europe, the exchange of goods and cultures between countries and a change in the worldview of geography. Columbus’s explorations were the catalyst for unprecedented trade known as the Columbian Exchange, which started the exchange of goods and ideas that would last for centuriesRead MoreWho Really Discovered America Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pages Why is it that American culture today attributes its geographic discovery to a man named Christopher Columbus? Could it be that he was the first European to claim this land as part of an Imperialistic expansion or is it merely out of convenience for the history books? It is known that the American continent was populated by 1000 AD which is long before settlements by Viking fisherman and even longer before the arrival of Columbus. In spite of this fact every Octo ber, we as a culture celebrate aRead MoreColumbus vs. de Vaca Essay examples698 Words   |  3 PagesChristopher Columbus and Alvez Nunez Cabeza de Vaca were both explorers for Spain, but under different rulers and different times. The more famous, Christopher Columbus, came before de Vacas time. Columbus sailed a series of four voyages between 1492 and 1504 in search for a route to Asia which led accidentally to his discovery of new land inhabited with Indians. Christopher sailed under the Spanish monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella for his journey to the Indies, whom he was loyal to by claimingRead MorePositive Impact Of Christopher Columbus s Discoveries1247 Words   |  5 Pages Positive Impact of Christopher Columbus’s Discoveries The world is a better place because of Christopher Columbus’ important discoveries in the New World. His explorations resulted in the vast expansion of property for Europe, the exchange of goods and cultures between countries and a change in the worldview of geography. Columbus’s explorations were the catalyst for unprecedented trade known as the Columbian Exchange, which started the exchange of goods and ideas that would last for centuries

A Very Brief Biography of Nelson Mandela - 1229 Words

On July 18th, 1918, the powerful and praiseworthy Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born in Transkei, South Africa into the royal family of the Xhosa-speaking Thembu tribe. From an early age, Mandela demonstrated his passion for fighting for the rights of his people. He was greatly inspired by the stories he heard about his ancestors during their times of struggle. It is through determination and dedication that Mandela accomplished many of his goals including an end to apartheid. In fact, Mandela received a Nobel Peace Prize for this outstanding achievement. However, his journey was not simple, for the heroic and moral leader faced difficult struggles and had to make compromises throughout his lifetime. When Mandela was only nine years old, his father, Hendry Mphakanyiswa, who served as the chief of the tribe, died. As a result, Jongintaba Dalindyebo, another member of the Thembu tribe, adopted Mandela. Mandela was the first member in his family to receive a formal education and attended primary school in Qunu where his teacher Miss Mdingane gave him the name Nelson, implementing the tradition where all students received â€Å"Christian† names. He completed his Junior Certificate at Clarkebury Boarding Institute and went on to Healdtown, a Methodist secondary school. There, he excelled in boxing, track, and academics. Nelson Mandela then continued his studies at the University College of Fort Hare, the only western-style advanced institute for South African blacks at the time.Show MoreRelatedNelson Mandelas Leadership4907 Words   |  20 PagesMANDELA’S LEADERSHIP June 6, 2012 TITLE PAGE CAUCASUS UNIVERSITY CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF BUSINESS COURSE TITLE: Developing effective leadership skills COURSE CODE: MGS-3211 INSTRUCTOR: Dara Ahmed GROUP PRESENTATION: N1 PRESENTATION TITLE: NELSON MANDELA’S LEADERSHIP GROUP MEMBERS: Tamar Geladze DATE: 6th of June, 2012 12 Page 2 NELOSN MANDELA’S LEADERSHIP June 6, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENT TITLE PAGE...........................................................................Read MoreEssay about Nelson Mandela’s Childhood Defined His Identity3002 Words   |  13 PagesThe life of Nelson Mandela is an interesting example of this ideology. In his case, the connection between childhood and life is special and goes even further than the first instinctive connections that often come to mind. When one examines the interesting details the childhood of Nelson Mandela, one is compelled to conclude that Nelson’s Mandela childhood environment fashioned his politics. In order to understand fully how the childhood environment of Nelson Mandela fashioned hisRead MoreThe Theory Of Multiple Intelligences1889 Words   |  8 PagesThis essay will evaluate the theory of multiple intelligences in relation to Nelson Mandela; it will be split into three main sections. Firstly, explaining the theory of multiple intelligence as a whole, then giving a brief biography of Nelson Mandela and his life achievements. Finally, I will focus in more detail on one particular category of intelligence in Gardner’s theory; interpersonal intelligence. One of the multiple intelligence s stated by Gardner s theory. This part of the essay willRead MoreThe Union Of South Africa1986 Words   |  8 Pagesvaluable sources that are going to be used to explore this are Nelson Mandela’s illustrated Long Walk to Freedom , and the article â€Å"The Union of South Africa† created by the South African History Online (SAHO). The illustrated Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela: This source is Nelson Mandela’s autobiography, and follows his life from his birth in 1918 until the South African elections in May 10 1994 . Nelson Mandela began writing it in 1974 during his imprisonment on Robben IslandRead MoreIs Sports Just A Proxy For Politics?1886 Words   |  8 Pagessports for over a century. One of the first African Americans to encounter this unfavorable behavior was Jesse Owens, a 1936 Olympic gold medalist in Berlin. â€Å"Hitler’s enactment of the games was largely intended to showcase white supremacy, and the very presence of a successful black athlete was a threat† (Taha). The United States disregarded Hitler’s views and sent Jesse Owens to the 1936 Berlin summer Olympics, in spite of Hitler’s white supremacy laws. After Jesse Owens won several gold medalsRead MorePatriotism and People Who Commit Acts of Civil Disobedience Essay2107 Words   |  9 Pagesseems as if the citizens have no right to disobey laws that they know to be unjust. Yet by this measure, the heroes of the past such as the American colonists, abolitionists, women’s suffragists, Gandhi, Martin Luther King Junior, Rosa Parks, and Nelson Mandela would be little more than common criminals. All of these heroes broke the law in the name of a greater justice, and today all of them are revered as being the most patriotic of all people. The attribution of patriotism to people who commit actsRead MoreA Journey Comparative Book A New Dawn Has Broken 1490 Words   |  6 PagesVictory. Tony Blair ended two decades of Conservative Party rule campaigning for New Labour. A Jo urney by Tony Blair accounts for his time as Labour leader and Prime Minister of Great Britain. As Tony Blair states in the introduction of the book, his biography is not a memoir. It is instead Blair s personal reflection of history occurring around his surroundings during his term. Tony Blair is depicted here as not only a politician, but as a family man, explaining some events not occurring in his politicalRead MoreReading Lolita in Tehran as a Critic to the Changes in the Education System During the Revolution2374 Words   |  10 PagesReading Lolita in Tehran as a critic to the changes in the education system during the revolution â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.† Nelson Mandela Introduction Although â€Å"Reading Lolita in Tehran† is classified as a memoir which by definition is â€Å"a special kind of autobiography, usually involving a public portion of the author’s life as it relates to a person, historic event,Read MoreBook Review Success Built to Last3070 Words   |  13 Pagescreativity, thus they are compelled to try and introduce something new. They are simply the people who tried to make a difference and they succeed. The first element Meaning is discussed in Part I which is comprised of 3 chapters. The following are the brief summary of each chapter in Part I: Chapter 2 (Love it or Lose it – Passion and the Quest for Meaning), relates a harsh truth that of an individual does not love what he/she does, he/she will lose to someone who does. A person who is not half-heartedRead MoreCoco Cola18335 Words   |  74 Pageswith yellow caps, this variant can be found in some areas of the US around April.[10] Risks arising from over-consumption[edit] In the February 2010 death of a 31-year-old New Zealand woman, the coroner concluded were it not for the consumption of very large quantities of Coke by Natasha Harris, it is unlikely that she would have died when she died and how she died; Harris was found to have suffered from  hypokalemia  and had an  enlarged liver, and  deposits of fat  within the liver, which pathologist

Religious Conflict Of Dante s Inferno - 1570 Words

Jessica Gay World Literature Dr. Schott 9 November 2014 Religious Conflict in Dante’s Inferno Critics Daniel Tompsett and Donald Winchester and literary scholar Nicole Rudick have argued that Dante’s Inferno is a dark and hopeless telling of how we are all relegated to sin and lack the will or righteousness to turn from sin and temptation. Tompsett and Winchester state that, â€Å"The placement of living figures in each section was a judgment and a condemnation, albeit subjective, on both history and the people he knew (Tompsett).† They both agree that Dante is painting a picture of the dredges of society and the torture that they must endure as a result of their inability to turn from sin. They also quote scholar David H. Higgins to say that â€Å"Dante arguably believed he was writing a gospel to convert his recalcitrant age (Tompsett).† Scholar and critic Nicole Rudick confirms this portrayal of dismal hopelessness with her comment, â€Å"Dante created a rigid view of good and evil, showing no mercy for those who did not repent during their lifet imes and sparing no one in his accounting of misdeeds, vice, immorality, and generally inappropriate comportment (Rudick 29).† It is my opinion that the aforementioned scholars and critics are missing Dante’s point. When I read the poem I am overcome with quite the opposite view. I believe that a better way to interpret Dante’s poem is to consider that he was asking each of us to reflect on our waywardness and sin and to come to theShow MoreRelatedDante s View Of Hell And Purgatory1251 Words   |  6 PagesWhen one thinks about the idea of hell, they often find their minds wandering back to the great work of Dante Alighieri in The Inferno, or better known as Dante’s Inferno. In this story, Dante is lead through the nine circles of hell with his tour guide, Virgil the Roman poet to meet the final destination of heaven. â€Å"Major and startling innovations, such as the choice of the poet Vergil as Dante s guide through both hell and purgatory and the i nclusion in the Comedy of characters taken from classicalRead MoreEssay about Sin and Virtue in the works of Freud and Dante1657 Words   |  7 Pagesanother in terms of Sigmund Freuds analysis of religion in civilization and can be further compared to Dantes account of sin and the afterlife. In Civilization and Its Discontents, one of Freud?s main purposes is to point out the effect of the relationship between the human conscience and religion. Freud?s central view of religion is that it is an illusion created, and even needed, by man to attain a sense of security from ?an enormously exalted father? who watches over his life and promises a betterRead More Comparing the Struggle in Dante’s Inferno and Book VI of The Aeneid4312 Words   |  18 PagesStruggle in Dante’s Inferno and Book VI of The Aeneid Does hell have its own history? For Dante, the structural and thematic history of ‘hell’ in the Inferno begins with the Roman epic tradition and its champion poet, Virgil. By drawing heavily from the characteristics of hell in Book VI of The Aeneid, Dante carries the epic tradition into the medieval world and affirms his indebtedness to Virgil’s poetry. Moreover, Virgil becomes a central character in the Inferno as he guides Dante, the pilgrimRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Medieval Society2295 Words   |  10 Pagesdeconstruction, through the religious reformation, scientific revolution, and development in social relations which broke down the authority of these twin pillars and redefined European society. This was a radical break that marked the 18th century as a critical moment of change in European history. Life in pre-enlightenment Europe centred around the divine, which answered questions that couldn’t be answered by accepted knowledge. Everyday thinking was influenced by the religious linear historical progressionRead MoreModernist Elements in the Hollow Men7051 Words   |  29 Pagesfragment itself. This fragmentation is meant to reflect the modern reality, a reality of flux and alienation. Fragments are drawn from diverse areas of experience. They can be vignettes of contemporary life, chunks of popular culture, dream imagery, religious symbols or symbols from the author’s own life experience. These various levels and different kinds of materials enable the modernist work to move across time and space, shift from the public to the personal and respond to different sorts of concernsRead More Hawthornes Rappaccinis Daughter Essay3312 Words   |  14 Pagesnever, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart,† appearing as a somber figure ap parently morose and removed from love at the tale’s beginning. Hawthorne opens the story in an allegorical framework he draws from Dante’s Inferno by presenting Rappaccini as a seemingly fixed character: his â€Å"demeanor was that of one walking among malignant influences,† or â€Å"influences† that signal his role in the tale both as evil, since he walks among the â€Å"deadly snakes, or evil spirits† (925)Read MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12166 Words   |  49 Pagesfurther magnifies the intensity of her journey and the tragic situation of her grandsons dependence on her. Conflict Every work of fiction has some kind of conflict, and most obvious one in A Worn Path is Phoenixs struggle against nature and the landscape. The determination Phoenix shows when faced with various hardships on her path help define her character for the reader. Other outward conflicts in the story result from her encounters with the hunter and with the attendant in the d octors office.Read MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12173 Words   |  49 Pagesfurther magnifies the intensity of her journey and the tragic situation of her grandsons dependence on her. Conflict Every work of fiction has some kind of conflict, and most obvious one in A Worn Path is Phoenixs struggle against nature and the landscape. The determination Phoenix shows when faced with various hardships on her path help define her character for the reader. Other outward conflicts in the story result from her encounters with the hunter and with the attendant in the doctors office.Read MoreLanguage of Advertising20371 Words   |  82 Pagesstylistic features. The eighth chapter introduces the role of parentheses insertion as additional information. Very important advertising text in sociolinguistic coverage and phonetic expressive means and stylistic devices in the ninth chapter (Galperin`s stylistic devices, the definitions of stylistic devices with examples). In the chapter of tenth we con sider classification of language styles (Belles-Letters Style, Pablicist Style, Newspaper Style, Scientific Prose Style). And finally in the chapter

Does Richard the third deserve his reputation Essay Example For Students

Does Richard the third deserve his reputation? Essay The question of Richard llls reputation is a puzzle as he was thought of in many alternative ways by the different characters or at contrasting times in the play. His reputation deteriorates towards the end of the play. His brothers Clarence (George) and Edward are fond of him and believe he is an honest, trustworthy man and this is why they do not realise his evil plan. This plan starts when the king has been given advice to imprison anyone close to him whose name begins with the letter G. As the kings brother the duke of Clarence is named George he is sent to the tower. On the way he passes Richard and he assures Clarence he will get him out of the tower, that he shall deliver him and that his imprisonment shall not be long. We will write a custom essay on Does Richard the third deserve his reputation? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This is play on words and a form used numerously throughout the play, because Clarence is not in prison long, two murderers employed by Richard to deliver him to a better place. It is thought that if Clarence had lived longer and especially after the murderers had been in as there was a long scene in which one of the murderers backed out of murdering him and Richardss name was undisclosed to Clarence. Anne who later becomes Richards begrudging wife refers to him as foul devil and fouler toad, not traditional words of endearment! Overall Richards reputation is not good and even his mother thinks ill of him. Richard the third was a real king and he occupied the throne in the short reign of two years. This is why it is thought to be a real story as opposed to a folk myth. All of Shakespeares plays were based on real people or they were adapted from already written books. I think Richard lll is fairly accurate to his real reign and the means of getting to the throne. However, it may be a little biased in a way it only shows his brutality in getting to the throne and before that he was a loyal and loving brother. It then leaves out the 2 years before his death when he was a fair and powerful leader. I also think Shakespeare has artistic licence in that he dramatised some of the events. A main event in the play is the princes in the tower, as this is the final step up to taking the throne. It has not yet been proved who was actually responsible for their murder although Richard is the main suspect, in writing this in his play Shakespeare has confirmed suspicions as he has put it in writing and anyone who reads it believes it was him. In history Richard the third reigned from 1483-1485. He had two brothers, King Edward 4 and the duke of Clarence, George. He was also the uncle of his predecessor Edward 5. He was in the house of York and was the first duke of Gloucester, and then he became the lord protector for a short time before he himself seized the throne. He is accused of many murders but none have ever been proved. Although he was not graceful in getting to the throne, when he did he was a fair and just leader.  King Richard the third was the last king to be killed in battle at Bosworth Field. He was then followed by henry 7. Richard became the last Plantagenet dynasty who had ruled England since 1154. Richard is portrayed in the play as an evil and malignant man who is heartless in his fight for kingship. He is also, especially in the first scene, described as an unthinkably ugly man that people dont want to look at and he cant bear to look at in a mirror. It was thought that in history he had a slight hunchback and that one of his arms was withered but not as dramatically as it is stated in the play. It was thought that his outer appearance conveniently mirrored the darkness of his soul. In the very first scene we are introduced to Richard in a soliloquy. The first line, Now is the winter of our discontent shows his bitterness and self-consciousness he has about his appearance. .u79d2e77995ceaa682013d925d315764d , .u79d2e77995ceaa682013d925d315764d .postImageUrl , .u79d2e77995ceaa682013d925d315764d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u79d2e77995ceaa682013d925d315764d , .u79d2e77995ceaa682013d925d315764d:hover , .u79d2e77995ceaa682013d925d315764d:visited , .u79d2e77995ceaa682013d925d315764d:active { border:0!important; } .u79d2e77995ceaa682013d925d315764d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u79d2e77995ceaa682013d925d315764d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u79d2e77995ceaa682013d925d315764d:active , .u79d2e77995ceaa682013d925d315764d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u79d2e77995ceaa682013d925d315764d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u79d2e77995ceaa682013d925d315764d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u79d2e77995ceaa682013d925d315764d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u79d2e77995ceaa682013d925d315764d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u79d2e77995ceaa682013d925d315764d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u79d2e77995ceaa682013d925d315764d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u79d2e77995ceaa682013d925d315764d .u79d2e77995ceaa682013d925d315764d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u79d2e77995ceaa682013d925d315764d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Arthur Miller In the Crucible EssayHe uses winter as imagery for unhappy and lonely times. I think this may be an explanation for his actions in the rest of the play. The soliloquy carries on to show that he is jealous of his older brother the handsome king, he refers to his life as summer to show the comparison between the two. Richard says he is cheated of feature by dissembling nature. And that he is deformed, unfinished, sent before my time. I think this is the reason for wanting revenge on his brothers and for wanting to prove himself by getting to the throne by any means! Also in regards to his reputation it may be that he was already thought of badly because of his hunchback and so people assumed he was a bad person. I think Richard does deserve his reputation because he was evil and malicious. He killed many people and he manipulated people into gaining what he wanted. Also he was ruthless in his fight for the crown and would even do wrong to his family.  I think Richard chose the reputation he was given. He must have been very self-conscious about the way people look on him because of his deformities and he would have wanted people to look at him differently and with respect. He could not compete with his brothers as they were properly formed and the only way of gaining the respect he wants is to become King. He says at the very start that, since I cannot prove a loverI am determined to prove a villain this shows that his evil plan has been thought of long before the play begins and it has been made fool proof. The first bit of the plan is in motion and the aim was to set my brother Clarence and the king in deadly hate the one against the other. A man willing to cause a rift between brothers deserves everything he gets.  Later on when Richard hears of the kings illness he says privately, he cannot live, I hope; and must not die till George be packd with post-horse up to heaven.